JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS



Dariusz Stanisław Sobolewski, Michał Amadeusz Sobolewski, Marek Juliusz Sobolewski, Joanna Paulina Sobolewska, & Natalia Julia Sobolewska. (2020). New Generations of Rocket Engines. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS, 17, 322-346. https://doi.org/10.24297/jap.v17i.8747



The article, based on mathematical model of the space and particles revealed in "Theory of Space" (Sobolewski D. S., Theory of Space, 2016) (Sobolewski D. S., Theory of Space, 2017) and the description of the propagation of photons stated in publication entitled “Geometry of the Dark Matter and Preliminary Analysis of Alpha and Beta Photons’ Properties Based on Theory of Space” (Sobolewski, Sobolewski i Sobolewski, 2017), describes transverse waves propagating in space, including gravitational, fluctuating and matter waves. In particular, it focuses on waves of matter in which orientation of the spatial channels, connecting four-dimensional boundary hypersurfaces 𝛽𝛽 and 𝛼𝛼, had been stabilised. For this type of the wave of matter the minimum energy value for deformation of boundary hypersurfaces of the matter waves 𝐸𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑣) has been appointed, which is smaller by several orders of magnitude than energy needed to change the orientation of vertical disturbances of space which connect four-dimensional boundary hypersurfaces 𝛽𝛽 and 𝛼𝛼. The obtained results were used to introduce a new classification of rocket engines and to provide examples of their implementation. Furthermore, the article demonstrates first attempts to construct a rocket engine of the new type, including description of the principle of operation of the engine, which is subject of patent application entitled "HTS Photonic Rocket Engine" (Poland Patent nr P. 421517, 2017), as well as presents an example of spacecraft shell implementation, which enables stabilisation of orientation of its spatial channels. The Article thus reveals new perspectives for interplanetary travel through significant increase in spacecraft velocities, while simultaneously reducing the energy required to achieve them. In addition, the article describes interaction of photons γβ with the boundary hypersurface 𝛽𝛽, while determining the change in photon frequency depending on its curvature 𝜈/𝜈0(𝜅).





Global Color Views of Mars by NASA



Rocket engines





Photon rocket HTS engine



Based on the theory "Theory of Space" by D.S. Sobolewski and the publication entitled "Geometry of the Dark Matter and Preliminary Analysis of Alpha and Beta Photons' Properties Based on Theory of Space" by M.J. Sobolewski, M.A. Sobolewski, D.S. Sobolewski we have developed a rocket photon engine - patent application P. 421517 by N.J. Sobolewska, J.P. Sobolewska, M.J. Sobolewski, M.A. Sobolewski, D.S. Sobolewski.





Image by NASA



NEW GENERATIONS OF ROCKET ENGINES





New theory enables to achieve significantly higher velocities and reduce overload.



This publication aims to propagate the significant research results on a new generation of rocket engines and spacecraft in general, which were derived from projects conducted by HTS High Technology Solutions www.htsengines.com. The application of the "new generation" term in the publication is fully justified for the HTS rocket engines described herein because of their principle of operation and predicted parameters. In particular, the energy use is significantly lesser than for the presently used rocket engines - and not just by order of magnitude but by several orders. Furthermore, it enables the spacecraft to achieve considerably greater velocities while ensuring the passengers' increased comfort by reducing the overload. Knowledge shared in this book on matter, gravitational and fluctuation waves in conjunction with knowledge embedded in "Theory of Space" (Sobolewski D. S., Theory of Space, 2016) (Sobolewski D. S., Theory of Space, 2017) is also grounds for the creation of four-dimensional quantum mechanics, describing all of the types of interactions.